Aphasia (inability (or impaired ability))

            Aphasia (inability (or impaired ability)

    Aphasia is a disorder that affects how you communicate. It can impact your speech, as well as the way you write and understand both spoken and written language. Aphasia usually happens suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. 

   A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury or develop slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. 

  Aphasia affects a person's ability to express and understand written and spoken language. Once the underlying cause is treated, the main treatment for aphasia is speech therapy.  

 Aphasia usually happens suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage. 

 The severity of the aphasia depends on a number of things, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. The main treatment for aphasia involves treating the condition that causes it, as well as speech and language therapy. 

 The person with aphasia relearns and practices language skills and learns to use other ways to communicate. Family members often participate in the process, helping the person communicate. 

Symptoms: 

 Aphasia is a symptom of some other condition, such as a stroke or a brain tumor. 

A person with aphasia may:

- Speak in short or incomplete sentences

- Speak in sentences that don't make sense

- Substitute one word for another or one sound for another

- Speak unrecognizable words

- Have difficulty finding words 

- Not understand other people's conversation 

- Not Understand what they read

- Write sentences that don't make sense

Behavioral:   Social isolation or persistent repetition of words or actions

Speech: Difficulty speaking or jumbled speech

Common: Difficulty building and drawing things or loss of the ability to write.

 

 Aphasia is a disorder that affects how you communicate. It can impact your speech, as well as the way you write and understand both spoken and written language. 

Patterns of Aphasia:

 People with aphasia may have different strengths and weaknesses in their speech patterns. Sometimes these patterns are labeled as different types of aphasia, including: 

- Broca's aphasia

- Wernicke aphasia

- Transcortical aphasia 

- Conduction aphasia 

- Mixed aphasia 

- Global aphasia 

These patterns describe how well the person can understand what others say. They also describe how easy it is for the person to speak or to correctly repeat what someone else says. 

 Aphasia may develop slowly over time. When that happens, the aphasia may be labeled with one of these names:

- Logopenic aphasia

- Semantic aphasia 

- Agrammatism

 Many people with aphasia have patterns of speech difficulty that don't match these types. It may help to consider that each person with aphasia has unique symptoms, strengths, and weaknesses rather than trying to label a particular type of aphasia. 

 

 Because aphasia is often a sign of a serious problem, such as a stroke, seek emergency medical care if you or a loved one suddenly develop: 

- Difficulty speaking

- Trouble understanding speech

- Difficulty with word recall

- Problems with reading or writing. 

Causes:

 The most common cause of aphasia is brain damage resulting from a stroke- the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Loss of blood to the brain leads to brain cell death or damage in areas that control language. 

  Brain damage caused by a severe head injury, a tumor, an infection, or a degenerative process also can cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia usually occurs with other types of cognitive problems, such as memory problems or confusion. 

    Primary progressive aphasia is the term used for language difficulty that develops gradually. This is due to the gradual degeneration of brain cells located in the language networks. sometimes this type of aphasia will progress to more generalized dementia. 

   Sometimes temporary episodes of aphasia can occur. These can be due to migraines, seizures, or a transient ischemic attack. A TIA occurs when blood flow is temporarily blocked to an area of the brain. People who've had a TIA are at an increased risk of having a stroke in the near future. 

Complications:

 

 Aphasia can create numerous quality-of-life problems because communication is so much a part of your life. Communication difficulty may affect your:

- Job

- Relationships

- Day-to-day function

    Difficulty expressing wants and needs can result in embarrassment, frustration, isolation, and depression. Other problems may occur together such as more difficulty moving around and problems with memory and thinking. 

Diagnosis:

 Your health care provider will likely give you physical and neurological exams, test your strength, feeling, and reflexes, and listen to your heart and the vessels in your neck. An imaging test, usually an MRI or CT scan, can be used to quickly what's causing the aphasia. 

 A speech-language pathologist can complete a comprehensive language assessment to confirm the presence of aphasia and determine the appropriate course of language treatment. The assessment helps find out whether the person can:

- Name common objects

- Engage in a conversation

- Understand and use words correctly

- Answer questions about something read or heard

- Repeat words and sentences

- Follow instruction

- Answer yes-no questions and respond to open-ended questions about common subjects

- Read and write

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Monkeypox

                                                         Monkeypox

 

   Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name "monkeypox". The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. 

 Since then monkeypox has been reported in humans in other central and western African countries. 

 

 About Monkeypox:  

   

    Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. 

 The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus(which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus. 

 

  Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name ''monkeypox". The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. 

   Since then, monkeypox has been reported in people in several other central-western African countries, including Cameroon, Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. 

   The majority of infections are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Monkeypox cases in people have occurred outside of Africa linked to international travel or imported animals, including cases in the United States, as well as Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.  

    The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, African rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) may harbor the virus and infect people. 

 

 A child affected with monkeypox. 

Signs and Symptoms: 

 In humans, the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to but milder than the symptoms of smallpox. Monkeypox begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The main difference between the symptoms of smallpox and monkeypox is that monkeypox causes lymph nodes to swell (lymphadenopathy) while smallpox does not. The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) for monkeypox is usually 7-14 days but can range from 5-12 days. 

 The illness begins with:

- Fever

- Headache

- Muscle aches

- Backache 

- Swollen lymph nodes

-  Chills

- Chills

- Exhaustion

  Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of fever, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. 

 Lesions progress through the following stages before falling off:

 - Macules

- Papules

- Vesicles 

- Pustules 

- Scabs

   The illness typically lasts for 2-4 weeks. In Africa, monkeypox has been shown to cause death in as many as 1 to 10 persons who contract the disease.

Transmission: 

 

 Transmission of the monkeypox virus occurs when a person comes into contact with the virus from an animal, human, or materials contaminated with the virus. The virus enters the body through broken skin (even if not visible), respiratory tract, or mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth). 

   Animal to the human transmission may occur by bite or scratch, bush meat preparation, direct contact with body fluids or lesion material, or indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated bedding. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets. 

 

  Respiratory droplets generally can't travel more than a few feet, so prolonged face-to-face contact is required. Other human-to-human methods of transmission include direct contact with body fluids or lesion material and indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated clothing or linens. 

   The reservoir host (main disease carrier ) of monkeypox is still unknown although African rodents are suspected to play a part in transmission. The virus that causes monkeypox has only been recovered (isolated) twice from an animal in nature. In the first instance (1985), the virus was recovered from an apparently ill African rodent in the Equateur region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the second (2012). the virus was recovered from a dead infant mangabey found in the Tai National park, cote D; Ivoire. 

Prevention:

 

 There are a number of measures that can be taken to prevent infection with the monkeypox virus: 

- Avoid contact with animals that could harbor the virus(including animals that are sick or that have been found dead in areas where monkeypox occurs). 

- Avoid contact with any materials, such as bedding, that have been in contact with a sick animal. 

- Isolated infected patients from others who could be at risk for infection. 

- Practice good hand hygiene after contact with infected animals or humans. For example, washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. 

- Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients.

Information for Clinicians:  

 The first symptoms of monkeypox include fever, malaise, headache, and sometimes sore throat and cough. A distinguishing feature of monkeypox from smallpox is lymphadenopathy(swollen lymph nodes). 

 This typically occurs with fever onset, 1 to 2 days before rash onset, or rarely with rash onset. Lymph nodes may swell in the neck(submandibular & cervical), armpits(axillary), or groin(inguinal) and occur on both sides of the body or just one. 

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Fibromyalgia

                       Fibromyalgia

          Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain and spinal cord process painful and non-painful signals. 

      Symptoms often begin after an event, such as physical trauma, surgery, infection, or significant psychological stress. In other cases, symptoms gradually accumulate over time with no single triggering event. 

    Women are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than men. Many people who have fibromyalgia also have tension headaches, temporomandibular joint disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, and depression. 

Symptoms:

 The primary symptoms of fibromyalgia include:

- Widerspread pain: The pain associated with fibromyalgia often is described as a constant dull ache that has lasted for at least three months. To be considered widespread, the pain must occur on both sides of your body and above and below your waist. 

- Fatigue: People with fibromyalgia often awaken tired, even though they report sleeping for long periods of time. Sleep is often disrupted by pain, and many patients with fibromyalgia have other sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea. 

Cognitive difficulties: A symptom commonly referred to as "Fibro fog" impairs the ability to focus, pay attention and concentrate on mental tasks. 

Co-exists condition with fibromyalgia: 

- Irritable bowel syndrome

- Chronic fatigue syndrome

- Migraine and other types of headaches

- Interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome

- Temporomandibular joint disorders

-  Anxiety 

- Depression

- Postural tachycardia syndrome 

People may experience:

 Pain areas: In the muscles, abdomen, back, or neck 

Pain types: Can be chronic, diffuse, sharp, or severe

Pain circumstances: can occur at night

Whole-body: fatigue, feeling tried, or malaise

Muscular: Muscle tenderness, delayed onset muscle soreness, or muscle spams 

Gastrointestinal: constipation, nausea, or passing excessive amounts of gas

Mood: anxiety mood swings or nervousness

Cognitive: forgetfulness or lack of concentration 

Hand: the sensation of coldness or tingling

Sensory: pins and needles or sensitivity to pain 

Sleep: difficulty falling asleep or sleep disturbances

Also common: Depression, flare, headache, irritability, joint stiffness, painful menstruation, sensitivity to cold, or tingling feet. 

Causes:

 Many researchers believe that repeated nerve stimulation causes the brain and spinal cord of people with fibromyalgia to change. This change involves an abnormal increase in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. In addition, the brain's pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain and become sensitized, meaning they can overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. Here are likely many factors that lead to these changes, including: 

Genetics: Because fibromyalgia tends to run in families, there may be certain genetic mutations that may make you more susceptible to developing the disorder. 

Infections: some illnesses appear to trigger or aggravate fibromyalgia. 

physical or emotional event: Fibromyalgia can sometimes be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Prolonged psychological stress may also trigger the condition. 

Risk factors: Risk factors for fibromyalgia include: 

Sex: Fibromyalgia is diagnosed more often in women than in men. 

Family history: You may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia if a parent or sibling also has the condition. 

Other disorders: If you have osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus, you may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia. 

 Complication: 

 The pain, fatigue, and poor sleep quality associated with fibromyalgia can interfere with your ability to function at home or on the job. The frustration of dealing with an often-misunderstood condition also can result in depression and health-related anxiety. 

Diagnosis: 

 In the past, doctors would check 18 specific points on a person's body to see how many of them were painful when pressed firmly. Newer guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology don't require a tender point exam. Instead, the main factor needed for a fibromyalgia diagnosis is widespread pain throughout your body for at least three months. 

To meet the criteria, you must have pain in at least four of these five areas: 

- Left upper region: Including shoulder, arm, or jaw

- Right upper region, including shoulder, arm, or jaw

- Left lower region: Including hip, buttock, or leg 

- Right lower region: Including hip, buttock, or leg

Axial region: This includes the neck, back, chest, or abdomen.

Tests: 

 The doctor may want to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms. blood tests may include: 

 - Complete blood count (CBC)

- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 

- Cyclic citrullinate peptide test

- Rheumatoid factor

- Thyroid function tests

- Anti-nuclear antibody

- Celiac serology 

- vitamin D

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Dravet Syndrome

                                 Dravet Syndrome

  Dravet syndrome is a severe form of epilepsy characterized by frequent, prolonged seizures often triggered by high body temperature (hyperthermia), developmental delay, speech impairment, ataxia, hypotonia, sleep disturbances, and other health problems. 

 What is the life expectancy of a child with Dravet syndrome? 

  The average life expectancy of people with Dravet syndrome is not clear, but estimates suggest that 10-20% of individuals with a sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is the most common cause. 

   Dravet syndrome, previously known as severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, is a rare form of epilepsy that begins in the first year of life.

 Estimates suggest it affects around 1 in 40,000 trusted source infants in the united states, though some studies indicate its true incidence may be closer to 1 in 15,000. 

As well as seizures, common symptoms include mobility, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities that develop as the child gets older. 

 While there is no cure for Dravet syndrome, early diagnosis and treatment may minimize seizure frequency and intensity. Without treatment, individuals will continue to have frequent seizures and can suffer from seizure-related accidents or even mortality. 

Keep reading to learn more about Dravet syndrome, including the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for the condition. 

 Causes: 

 The cause of Dravet syndrome is a gene mutation. Dravet syndrome most often results from a do Novo variation, a genetic mutation not present in a child's parents. It typically develops for the first in the egg, sperm, or early embryo.

  In 70-80% of individuals with Dravet syndrome, the mutation is in the SCN1A gene, which provides instructions for creating sodium channels found primarily in the brain. These channels control the flow of sodium ions and affect communication between nerve cells or neurons. 

  Researches suggest that SCN1A gene mutations may result in trusted source uncontrolled firing from gamma-aminobutyric acid functions as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter for the central nervous system. Dravet syndrome appears to affect males twice as often as it affects females. 

Symptoms: 

  Symptoms of Dravet syndrome vary by person and often change as the individual gets older. The three most commonly associated symptoms with this condition are seizures, developmental delays, and behavioral abnormalities. 

Seizures:

 Most individuals with Dravet syndrome start to have seizures at the age of 5-8 months trusted sources. The first seizure usually results from a trigger like a fever, but sometimes there is no trigger. 

 When a fever triggers a seizure, this is called a febrile seizure. Many infants have febrile seizures, and these symptoms alone don't mean a baby has Dravet syndrome. 

 Individuals with Dravet syndrome typically also develop other types of seizures, including:

- Focal seizures which occur in one area of the brain

- Myoclonic seizure, which causes the upper body or legs to jerk of twitch

- Atypical absence seizures which cause lapses of consciousness that can last for 20 seconds or longer

- Tonic-clonic seizures make the whole body twitch and jerk and cause a person to become unconscious. 

 Individuals with Dravet syndrome can get a seizure when they experience stress, and excitement, see flashing lights or have a rapid change in body temperature. 

Developmental delay: 

  Parents typically begin to notice cognitive delays or difficulty learning and talking in infants with Dravet syndrome at 1-2 years. It can take these infants longer to reach certain milestones compared with other children. 

 Hypotonia, a lack of muscle tone, is common in individuals with Dravet syndrome at around 1 year old. Parents may also notice signs of ataxia, a disorder that affects coordination and balance when infants start walking. 

 Behavioral disturbances:

 The behavioral traits associated with Dravet syndrome relate to autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, irritability, and aggression. 

 Diagnosis:

 Dravet syndrome is rare and can be challenging for doctors to diagnose. According to the international league against epilepsy trusted source, a doctor generally uses the following characteristics of the trusted sources to make a diagnosis: 

- A family history of seizures or febrile seizures

- Normal developmental before the onset of seizures

- A seizure during the first year of life, followed by an increasing number of various seizures types

- An EEG test with generalized spike and polyspike waves

- Focal abnormalities or early photosensitivity

- Psychomotor delays after the age of 24 months 

- Ataxia

Doctors typically recommend genetic testing in individuals likely to have Dravet syndrome.  

Diet:

 Research suggests that Ketogenic which is high in fat and low in carbohydrates, may help individuals with Dravet syndrome, the diet affects biochemical pathways involved in the functioning of the central nervous system. It also affects GABA levels. 

Avoiding triggers:

 Avoiding seizure triggers is important for people with Dravet syndrome. Hot baths, Jacuzzis, and flashing lights can all bring on seizures. 

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

              Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental health condition that's triggered by a terrifying event, either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event. 

   Most people who go through traumatic events may have temporary difficulty adjusting and coping, but with time and good self-care, they usually get better. If the symptoms get worse, last for months or even years, and interfere with your day-to-day functioning, you may have PTSD. 

causes:

 

    Post-traumatic stress disorder can develop after a very stressful, frightening, or distressing event, or after a prolonged traumatic experience. 

 Types of events that can lead to PTSD include:

 - Serious accidents

- Physical or sexual assault

- Abuse, including childhood or domestic abuse

- Exposure to traumatic events at work, including remote exposure 

- Serious health problems, such as being admitted to intensive care 

- Childbirth experiences, such as losing a baby

- War and conflict

- Torture

- PTSD develops in people who experience trauma

 Symptoms:

 

  Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms may start within days or months after a traumatic event, but sometimes systems may not appear until years after the event. These symptoms cause significant problems in social or work situations and in relationships. 

PTSD symptoms are generally grouped into four types:

1- Intrusive memories:

 - Recurrent, unwanted distressing memories of the traumatic event. 

- Reliving the traumatic event as if were happening again

- Upsetting dreams or nightmares about the traumatic event

- Severe emotional distress or physical reactions to something that reminds you of the traumatic event. 

2- Avoidance:

- Trying to avoid thinking or talking about the traumatic event

- Avoiding places, activities, or people that remind you of the traumatic event. 

3- Negative changes in thinking and mood:

- Negative thoughts about yourself, other people, or the world 

- Hopelessness about the future

- Memory problems, including not remembering important aspects of the traumatic event

- Difficulty maintaining close relationships 

- Feeling detached from family and friends (forsaken)

- Lack of interest in activities you once enjoyed

- Difficulty experiencing positive emotions

- Feeling emotionally numb. 

4- Changes in physical and emotional reactions: 

- Being easily startled or frightened

- Always being on guard for danger

- Self-destructive behavior, such as drinking too much or driving too fast

- Trouble sleeping

- Trouble concentrating 

- Irritability, angry outbursts, or aggressive behavior 

-  Overwhelming guilt and shame 

Intensity of symptoms:

 PTSD symptoms can vary in intensity over time. You may have PTSD symptoms when you're stressed in general, or when you come across reminders of what you went through. 

 Risk factors: 

 people of all ages can have post-traumatic stress disorder. However, some factors may make you more likely to develop PTSD after a traumatic event, such as: 

- Experiencing intense or long-lasting trauma

- Having experienced other trauma earlier in life, such as childhood abuse

- Having a job that increases your risk of being exposed to traumatic events, such as military personnel and first responders. 

- Having other mental health problems, such as anxiety or depression

- Having problems with substance misuses, such as excess drinking or drug use

- Lacking a good support system of family and friends

- Having blood relatives with mental health problems, including anxiety or depression

Kinds of traumatic events: 

 Common events leading to the development of PTSD include:

 - Combat exposure

- childhood physical abuse

- Sexual violence

- Physical assault

- Being threatened with a weapon

- An accident

 Many other traumatic events also can lead to PTSD, such as fire, natural disaster, mugging, robbery, plane crash, torture, kidnapping, life-threatening medical diagnosis, and other extreme or life-threatening events. 

Complications:

 Post-traumatic stress disorder can disrupt your whole life- your job, relationships, health, and enjoyment of everyday activities. 

Having PTSD may also increase your risk of other mental health problems, Such as: 

- Depression and anxiety

- Issues with drugs or alcohol use

- Eating disorder

- Suicidal thoughts and actions

Prevention: 

 After surviving a traumatic event, many people have PTSD- like symptoms at first, such as being unable to stop thinking about what's happened, Fear, anxiety, anger, depression, guilt, all over common reactions to trauma. However, the majority of people exposed to trauma do not develop long-term post-traumatic stress disorder. 

 Getting timely help and support may prevent normal stress reactions from getting worse and developing into PTSD. This may mean turning to family and friends who will listen and offer comfort. It may mean seeking out a mental health professional for a brief course of therapy. Some people may also find it helpful to turn to their faith community. 

     Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.