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Monday 25 February 2019

E-Cigarettes & side effects

                            E-Cigarettes:



  Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, include e-Pens, E-hookah nad, e-cigar are known collectively as Ends - electronic nicotine delivery systems. According to the Fda, e-cigarettes are devices that allow users to inhale an aerosol containing nicotine or other substances. unlike traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes are generally battery- operated and use a heating element to heat e-liquid from a refillable cartridge, releasing a chemical-filled aerosol.



E-cigarettes and lung health:
   The food and drug administration announced it was extending its authority to include e-cigarettes and other tobacco products. Starting in August 2016, FDA began to apply and enforce key provisions of the family smoking prevention and tobacco control act as it relates to the sales, marketing, and manufacturing of e-cigarettes. 
   The American lung association had long called for the FDA to bring e-cigarettes and other unregulated tobacco products under its authority. This action was especially important given the rapid rise in youth use of e-cigarettes in the U.S, including a 900% increase among high school students from 2011 to 2015. 

  The U.S. General issued a groundbreaking report "E-Cigarette use Among Youth and Young Adults" that made a number of important and findings of the use of e-cigarettes among youth. These include that the flavors in e-cigarettes are one of the main reasons youth use them, e-cigarettes aerosol is not safe and that e-cigarettes use is strongly associated with the use of other tobacco products among youth and young adults.

  Most importantly, the surgeon general concluded that e-cigarettes use among youth is now a significant public health concern and step must be taken by parents, educators and especially policymakers to discourage use of e-cigarettes. 

Oversee E-cigarettes:

  A 2010 ruling from a federal court in a case filed by an e-cigarettes manufacture against the FDA determined that e-cigarettes which do not make therapeutic claims will be regulated as tobacco products. If a manufacturer does make a therapeutic claim, then the manufacturer must first prove through a series of clinical trials that their product is safe and effective. 

What are in E-cigarettes:

 The main component of e-cigarettes is the e-liquid contained in cartridges, to create an e-liquid, nicotine is extracted from tobacco and mixed with a base (usually propylene glycol), and may also include flavoring. colorings, and other chemicals. 

 2016 announcement allowing FDA oversight of tobacco product, e-cigarette manufacturers must register with FDA by August 8, 2016, and then will have two additional years to submit an application to remain in the marketplace. Until that time, the nearly 500 brands and 7,700 flavors of e-cigarettes will remain on the market- before FDA is able to fully evaluate them. Until FDA's evaluation is done, there are very few ways for anyone other than the manufacturers to know what chemicals are contained in e-liquids, or how e-cigarette use might affect health, whether in the short term or in the long run. 

 Several potentially harmful chemicals, including nicotine, carbonyl compounds, and volatile organic compounds. 

 Nicotine:
  
  Nicotine is an addictive substance and almost all e-cigarettes contain nicotine. 2014 study found little consistency in the amount of nicotine delivered by e-cigarettes of the same brand and strength, similarly, nicotine in e-liquid refills is often substantially different from the amount listed on the package.

  This matters because the more nicotine used, the greater the potential for addiction. Nicotine is not safe, during pregnancy harms the developing fetus, and causes lasting consequences for the developing brain and lung function in newborns. 

 Nicotine exposure also affects maternal and fetal health during pregnancy and can result in low birth weights, preterm delivery, and stillbirth. It can also cause sudden infant death syndrome. 

 Human brain development continues far longer than was previously realized, and nicotine use during adolescence and young adulthood has been associated with lasting cognitive and behavioral impairments. including effects on working memory and attention. 

Other Chemicals:

 FDA found detectable levels of toxic cancer-causing chemicals, including an ingredient used in antifreeze, in two leading brands of e-cigarette and 18 various cartridges. A 2014 study found that aerosol from e-cigarette with a higher voltage level contains more formaldehyde, another carcinogen with the potential to cause cancer. The finding is alarming and underscores why the American Lung Association called so urgently for FDA oversight of these products. 

 Flavors in e-cigarette are also a cause for concern, not only are flavors used to target kids, but they may be harmful on their own. E-cigarette and flavor manufacturers and marketers may suggest that the flavor ingredients used in e-cigarette are safe because they have FEMA, GRASTM status only applies to food, meaning it's safe to eat and does not apply to inhale through e-cigarette. Among youth who have ever tried an e-cigarette, 81% used a flavored product the first time they tried one. 

  Diacetyl, a buttery flavored chemical often added to food products such as popcorn, caramel, and dairy product, has also been found in some V with flavors. Diacetyl can cause serious and irreversible lung disease commonly known as "popcorn lung". 




Risks:

 While e-cigarette may help some people quit, there is growing evidence that vaping may be harmful in some cases, and more harmful than avoiding smoking altogether. 

. Most e-cigarettes contain nicotine, which is addictive and triggers changes in the adolescent brain, hazardous during pregnancy as it can affect fetal development. 

. The aerosol contains solvents, flavoring, and toxicants, which the surgeon general describes as either "harmful" or "potentially harmful". 

. E-cigarettes expose the lungs to different substances. One of these is diacetyl which can cause "popcorn lung", a severe and irreversible lung disease. 

. Potentially fatal poisoning has resulted from accidentally swallowing and from inhaling e-cigarette liquid. 

. People who seek to quit smoking will stop using the conventional and medically monitored method of doing so. 

. Teens who use e-cigarette products are more likely to start using regular tobacco as well. 

. Continued use of nicotine can make other drugs, such as cocaine, more pleasurable. 

. The flavorings, the marketing, and the concept that it is not harmful all temp teenagers start vaping. There is concern that this increases the chance that they will smoke conventional cigarettes later. 

. Second-hand smoking is not eliminated by vaping, as vaping releases carcinogenic emissions. 

Poisoning Concern

One study found that while most calls involving e-cigarette liquid poisoning came from accidental ingestion of the e-cigarette or its liquid, about one-sixth of the calls related to someone inhaling these items. Exposure through the eye and the skin were also reported. 

 Large doses of nicotine have a potential for poisoning, with symptoms beginning with nausea and vomiting in cases of acute toxicity and progressing to seizures and respiratory depression in cases of severe nicotine poisoning. 

Secondhand emissions from E-cigarettes?

   As public spaces increasingly become smoke-free, the anecdotal report shows some people are attempting to use e-cigarette indoors and in public spaces which are smoke-free, like bars, restaurants, and even public transit

  While e-cigarette does not contain smoke, they do expose others to secondhand emissions. Two studies have found formaldehyde, benzene, and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (all carcinogens) coming from those secondhand emissions. Chemicals in the emissions contain formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and other potential toxins. 

Homeopathic medicine for quite Smoking:

Avena sativa: Help to clear the mind during de-addiction. 

 Plantago: Creates an aversion to tobacco, usually it is prescribed for individuals to complain about depression, sleeplessness, eye pain, mood swings & bad temper then it may indicate a need for its use. 

Tabacum: Those who are having issues like nausea, vomiting, motion, sickness, indigestion, as it assists in the elimination of the toxins carried by tobacco. It has a significant effect on tobacco craving. 

Ignatia: it is a medication often used for anxiety correlated with tobacco craving and it is frequently allied with excitability and a marked sensory hypersensitivity, other symptoms are worse in the morning. 

Caladium sequinum: Help those the have trouble with bowel movement without having a cigarette first. It may also be prescribed for those with symptoms of asthma, nervousness, vertigo, headache, nausea, impotence, depression, and sensitivity to noise. 

Lobelia: Used for smoking withdrawal, when a person has asthma, emphysema, a weak stomach, indigestion, vomiting intense nausea, vertigo, cold sweats, and a lot of salivae. 

 Nux- Vomica: When the individual experiences depression, stress, insomnia, irritability, and anxiety when trying to quit smoking. 

Staphysagria:  Generally used as a de-addiction remedy, including tobacco.
Bibliography:

. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/216550.php

.https://www.hindustantimes.com/fitness/homeopathy-may-be-your-best-chance-to-quit-smoking-naturally/story-18kCoqLQDfaqkCeOMlwC9H.html


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