Cystitis
Is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection UTI.
Cystitis usually occurs when the urethra and bladder, which are normally sterile, or microbe-free, become infected with bacteria. Cystitis is an infection of the bladder wall that can lead to ongoing discomfort. Bacteria fasten to the lining of the bladder and cause the area to become irritated and inflamed.
Cystitis affects people of both sexes and all ages. It is more common among females than males because women have shorter urethras.
Around 80% of all urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria from the bowel that reach the urinary tract. Most of these bacteria form part of the healthy intestinal flora, but once they enter the sterile space in the urethra and bladder, they can cause a UTI. UTIs are the most common hospital-acquired infections in the united states, especially among patients using urinary catheters.
A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. The main etiologic agent is Escherichia coli. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products. It does not usually have bacteria in it. When bacteria get into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they may cause a UTI.
The most common type of UTI is acute cystitis often referred to as a bladder infection. An infection of the upper urinary tract or kidney is known as pyelonephritis and is potentially more serious. Symptoms include frequent feeling and need to urinate, pain during urination, and cloudy urine.
Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney. A bladder infection may cause pelvic pain, increased urge to urinate, pain with urination and blood in the urine. A kidney infection may cause back pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Symptoms:
The most common symptoms of a bladder infection are burning with urination dysuria, frequency of urination, an urge to urinate, without vaginal discharge or significant pain. An upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis may additionally present with flank pain and fever.
The symptoms of urinary tract infections may vary with age and the part of the urinary system that was affected. In young children, urinary tract infection symptoms may include diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, fever and excessive crying that cannot be resolved by typical measures. Older children, on the other hand, may experience abdominal pain, or incontinence. Lower urinary tract infections in adults may manifest with symptoms including hematuria, inability to urinate despite the urge and malaise.
Other signs of urinary tract infections include foul-smelling urine and urine that appears cloudy. Depending on the site of infection, urinary tract infections may cause different symptoms.
Urethritis does not usually any other symptoms besides dysuria. If the bladder is however affected (cystitis), the patient is likely to experience more symptoms including lower abdomen discomfort, low-grade fever, pelvic pressure and frequent urination all together with dysuria.
Infection of the kidneys(acute pyelonephritis) typically causes more serious symptoms such as chills, nausea, vomiting and high fever.
Common symptoms:
- Trace of blood in the urine
- Dark, cloudy, or strong-smelling urine
- Pain just above the pubic bone, in the lower back, or in the abdomen
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Urinating frequently or feeling the need to urinate frequently
Elderly individuals may feel weak and feverish but have none of the other symptoms mentioned above. They may also present with altered mental status. There is a frequent need to urinate, but only small amounts of urine are passed each time.
When children have cystitis, they may have any of the symptoms listed above, plus vomiting and general weakness. Some other illness or conditions have similar symptoms to cystitis, these include:
Urethritis, or inflammation of the urethra
Bladder pain syndrome
Prostatitis, or inflammation of the prostate gland
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, in men
Lower urinary tract syndrome
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Candida, or Thrush
Causes:
There are many possible causes of cystitis. Most are infectious, and the majority of these cases stem from an ascending infection. The bacteria enter from the external genitourinary structures.
- Tampon use: when inserting a tampon, there is a slight risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- Inserting, changing, or prolonged use of a urinary catheter, there is a chance the catheter will carry bacteria along the urinary tract.
- Diaphragm for birth control: There is a higher incidence of cystitis among women who use the diaphragm with spermicides, compared with sexually active women who do not use one.
- Full bladder: If the bladder is not emptied completely, it creates an environment for bacteria to multiply. This is fairly common among pregnant women or men whose prostates are enlarged.
- Sexual activity: Sexually active women have a higher risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- Blockage in part of the urinary system that prevents the flow of urine.
- Other bladder or kidney problems.
- Frequent or vigorous sex: This increases the chances of physical damage, which in turn increases the likelihood of cystitis. This is sometimes called honeymoon cystitis.
- Falling estrogen levels: During menopause, estrogen levels drop, and the lining of a women's urethra gets thinner. The thinner the lining becomes, the higher the chances are of infection and damage. After menopause, the risk is higher.
- Gender: A woman's urethral opening is nearer the anus than a man's, so there is a higher risk of bacteria from the intestines the urethra.
- Mucus reduction: During menopause, women produce less mucus in the vaginal area. This mucus normally acts as a protective layer against bacteria.
- Radiotherapy: Damage to the bladder can cause late radiation cystitis. Women on hormone replacement therapy. Lower risk of developing cystitis compared with menopausal women not on HRT. However, HRT has its own set of risks, so it is not routinely used for the treatment of infections cystitis in postmenopausal women.
Types of Cystitis:
Cystitis can be either acute or interstitial. Acute cystitis is a case of cystitis that occurs suddenly. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic or long- term case of cystitis that affects multiple layers of bladder tissue.
Both acute and interstitial cystitis have a range of possible causes. The cause of cystitis determines the type. The following are types of cystitis:
Bacterial Cystitis:
Bacterial cystitis occurs when bacteria enter your urethra or bladder and cause an infection. This can also result when normally growing bacteria in your body becomes imbalanced. The infection leads to cystitis or inflammation in your bladder.
It is important to treat a bladder infection. I the infection spreads you your kidneys it can become a serious health issue.
Drug-induced cystitis:
Certain medications can cause your bladder to become inflamed. Medicines pass through your body and eventually exit through your urinary system. Some medications can irritate your bladder as they exit your body. For example, the chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide can cause cystitis.
Radiation cystitis:
Radiation therapy is used to kill cancer and shrink tumors, but it can also damage healthy cells and tissues. Radiation treatment in the pelvic area can cause your bladder to become inflamed.
Foreign body cystitis:
Ongoing use of a catheter, a tube used to facilitate the release of urine from the bladder, can increase your risk of bacterial infection, and damage tissues in the urinary tract. Both bacteria and damaged tissues can cause inflammation.
Chemical cystitis:
Certain hygiene products can irritate your bladder. Products that may cause cystitis to include:
- Spermicidal jellies
- Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
- Feminine hygiene sprays
- Chemicals from a bubble bath
Cystitis associated with other conditions:
Sometimes cystitis occurs as a symptom of other medical conditions, such as:
- Diabetes
- Kidney stones
- HIV
- Enlarged prostate
- Spinal injuries
Diagnosis:
A doctor will ask the patient some questions, carry out an examination, and do a urine test. The urine test will either be sent to a laboratory, or the doctor may use a dipstick. Urine dipstick result comes back quickly while the patient is still in the office.
Urine culture or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine. After finding out which specific bacterium is causing the infection, the doctor will prescribe an oral antibiotic.
Most doctors will also offer to test for a sexually transmitted infection. SITs often have similar symptoms to cystitis.
Home care:
Home care treatments can help ease discomfort. Common methods are:
- Applying heating pads abdomen or back
- Over- the - counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen
- Sitz baths to cleanse the pelvic area
Sometimes you can manage cystitis symptoms at home, without taking medication. These should not replace antibiotics if they are needed to treat a UTI.
Common home therapy methods are:
- Cranberry juice or tablets
- Drinking lots of fluids
- Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes
- Avoiding any food or beverages that you suspect make your symptoms worse.
While recovering from cystitis, you should:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid caffeinated drinks, as these can irritate your bladder
- Urinate frequently, rather than holding it
- Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes
Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.
Is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Most of the time, the inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and it's called a urinary tract infection UTI.
Cystitis usually occurs when the urethra and bladder, which are normally sterile, or microbe-free, become infected with bacteria. Cystitis is an infection of the bladder wall that can lead to ongoing discomfort. Bacteria fasten to the lining of the bladder and cause the area to become irritated and inflamed.
Cystitis affects people of both sexes and all ages. It is more common among females than males because women have shorter urethras.
Around 80% of all urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria from the bowel that reach the urinary tract. Most of these bacteria form part of the healthy intestinal flora, but once they enter the sterile space in the urethra and bladder, they can cause a UTI. UTIs are the most common hospital-acquired infections in the united states, especially among patients using urinary catheters.
A urinary tract infection is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary tract. The main etiologic agent is Escherichia coli. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products. It does not usually have bacteria in it. When bacteria get into the bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they may cause a UTI.
The most common type of UTI is acute cystitis often referred to as a bladder infection. An infection of the upper urinary tract or kidney is known as pyelonephritis and is potentially more serious. Symptoms include frequent feeling and need to urinate, pain during urination, and cloudy urine.
Urinary tract infections are more common in women. They usually occur in the bladder or urethra, but more serious infections involve the kidney. A bladder infection may cause pelvic pain, increased urge to urinate, pain with urination and blood in the urine. A kidney infection may cause back pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever.
Symptoms:
The most common symptoms of a bladder infection are burning with urination dysuria, frequency of urination, an urge to urinate, without vaginal discharge or significant pain. An upper urinary tract infection or pyelonephritis may additionally present with flank pain and fever.
The symptoms of urinary tract infections may vary with age and the part of the urinary system that was affected. In young children, urinary tract infection symptoms may include diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting, fever and excessive crying that cannot be resolved by typical measures. Older children, on the other hand, may experience abdominal pain, or incontinence. Lower urinary tract infections in adults may manifest with symptoms including hematuria, inability to urinate despite the urge and malaise.
Other signs of urinary tract infections include foul-smelling urine and urine that appears cloudy. Depending on the site of infection, urinary tract infections may cause different symptoms.
Urethritis does not usually any other symptoms besides dysuria. If the bladder is however affected (cystitis), the patient is likely to experience more symptoms including lower abdomen discomfort, low-grade fever, pelvic pressure and frequent urination all together with dysuria.
Infection of the kidneys(acute pyelonephritis) typically causes more serious symptoms such as chills, nausea, vomiting and high fever.
Common symptoms:
- Trace of blood in the urine
- Dark, cloudy, or strong-smelling urine
- Pain just above the pubic bone, in the lower back, or in the abdomen
- Burning sensation when urinating
- Urinating frequently or feeling the need to urinate frequently
Elderly individuals may feel weak and feverish but have none of the other symptoms mentioned above. They may also present with altered mental status. There is a frequent need to urinate, but only small amounts of urine are passed each time.
When children have cystitis, they may have any of the symptoms listed above, plus vomiting and general weakness. Some other illness or conditions have similar symptoms to cystitis, these include:
Urethritis, or inflammation of the urethra
Bladder pain syndrome
Prostatitis, or inflammation of the prostate gland
Benign prostatic hyperplasia, in men
Lower urinary tract syndrome
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Candida, or Thrush
Causes:
There are many possible causes of cystitis. Most are infectious, and the majority of these cases stem from an ascending infection. The bacteria enter from the external genitourinary structures.
- Tampon use: when inserting a tampon, there is a slight risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- Inserting, changing, or prolonged use of a urinary catheter, there is a chance the catheter will carry bacteria along the urinary tract.
- Diaphragm for birth control: There is a higher incidence of cystitis among women who use the diaphragm with spermicides, compared with sexually active women who do not use one.
- Full bladder: If the bladder is not emptied completely, it creates an environment for bacteria to multiply. This is fairly common among pregnant women or men whose prostates are enlarged.
- Sexual activity: Sexually active women have a higher risk of bacteria entering via the urethra.
- Blockage in part of the urinary system that prevents the flow of urine.
- Other bladder or kidney problems.
- Frequent or vigorous sex: This increases the chances of physical damage, which in turn increases the likelihood of cystitis. This is sometimes called honeymoon cystitis.
- Falling estrogen levels: During menopause, estrogen levels drop, and the lining of a women's urethra gets thinner. The thinner the lining becomes, the higher the chances are of infection and damage. After menopause, the risk is higher.
- Gender: A woman's urethral opening is nearer the anus than a man's, so there is a higher risk of bacteria from the intestines the urethra.
- Mucus reduction: During menopause, women produce less mucus in the vaginal area. This mucus normally acts as a protective layer against bacteria.
- Radiotherapy: Damage to the bladder can cause late radiation cystitis. Women on hormone replacement therapy. Lower risk of developing cystitis compared with menopausal women not on HRT. However, HRT has its own set of risks, so it is not routinely used for the treatment of infections cystitis in postmenopausal women.
Types of Cystitis:
Cystitis can be either acute or interstitial. Acute cystitis is a case of cystitis that occurs suddenly. Interstitial cystitis is a chronic or long- term case of cystitis that affects multiple layers of bladder tissue.
Both acute and interstitial cystitis have a range of possible causes. The cause of cystitis determines the type. The following are types of cystitis:
Bacterial Cystitis:
Bacterial cystitis occurs when bacteria enter your urethra or bladder and cause an infection. This can also result when normally growing bacteria in your body becomes imbalanced. The infection leads to cystitis or inflammation in your bladder.
It is important to treat a bladder infection. I the infection spreads you your kidneys it can become a serious health issue.
Drug-induced cystitis:
Certain medications can cause your bladder to become inflamed. Medicines pass through your body and eventually exit through your urinary system. Some medications can irritate your bladder as they exit your body. For example, the chemotherapy drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide can cause cystitis.
Radiation cystitis:
Radiation therapy is used to kill cancer and shrink tumors, but it can also damage healthy cells and tissues. Radiation treatment in the pelvic area can cause your bladder to become inflamed.
Foreign body cystitis:
Ongoing use of a catheter, a tube used to facilitate the release of urine from the bladder, can increase your risk of bacterial infection, and damage tissues in the urinary tract. Both bacteria and damaged tissues can cause inflammation.
Chemical cystitis:
Certain hygiene products can irritate your bladder. Products that may cause cystitis to include:
- Spermicidal jellies
- Use of a diaphragm with spermicide
- Feminine hygiene sprays
- Chemicals from a bubble bath
Cystitis associated with other conditions:
Sometimes cystitis occurs as a symptom of other medical conditions, such as:
- Diabetes
- Kidney stones
- HIV
- Enlarged prostate
- Spinal injuries
Diagnosis:
A doctor will ask the patient some questions, carry out an examination, and do a urine test. The urine test will either be sent to a laboratory, or the doctor may use a dipstick. Urine dipstick result comes back quickly while the patient is still in the office.
Urine culture or catheterized urine specimen may be performed to determine the type of bacteria in the urine. After finding out which specific bacterium is causing the infection, the doctor will prescribe an oral antibiotic.
Most doctors will also offer to test for a sexually transmitted infection. SITs often have similar symptoms to cystitis.
Home care:
Home care treatments can help ease discomfort. Common methods are:
- Applying heating pads abdomen or back
- Over- the - counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen and acetaminophen
- Sitz baths to cleanse the pelvic area
Sometimes you can manage cystitis symptoms at home, without taking medication. These should not replace antibiotics if they are needed to treat a UTI.
Common home therapy methods are:
- Cranberry juice or tablets
- Drinking lots of fluids
- Wearing cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes
- Avoiding any food or beverages that you suspect make your symptoms worse.
While recovering from cystitis, you should:
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Avoid caffeinated drinks, as these can irritate your bladder
- Urinate frequently, rather than holding it
- Wear cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes
Outlook for cystitis:
The outlook of cystitis is dependent on the cause of the symptoms. In general, the outlook for cystitis is good. However, it is important to treat the underlying condition as soon as possible.
The outlook of cystitis is dependent on the cause of the symptoms. In general, the outlook for cystitis is good. However, it is important to treat the underlying condition as soon as possible.
Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.
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