Adenomyosis

                                             Adenomyosis

Adenomyosis is a condition in which the inner lining of 

the uterus (the endometrium) breaks through the muscle 

wall of the uterus (the myometrium). Adenomyosis can 

cause menstrual cramps, lower abdominal pressure, and 

bloating before menstrual periods and can result in heavy 

periods.

Adenomyosis most often occurs late in childbearing years

 and typically disappears after menopause.

 Sometimes, adenomyosis may cause heavy or prolonged 

menstrual bleeding, severe cramping, pain during 

intercourse or blood clots that pass during a period.

Certain medications can help relieve pain or lessen  

 heavy bleeding. Removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) 

is the only cure.

Requires a medical diagnosis: 

Sometimes, adenomyosis may cause heavy or prolonged 

menstrual bleeding, severe cramping, pain during 

intercourse or blood clots that pass during a period.

People may experience:

Pain areas: in the abdomen or pelvis

Pain circumstances: can occur during sexual intercourse

Menstrual: heavy menstruation, irregular menstruation, 

painful menstruation, or spotting. 

While some women diagnosed with adenomyosis have no symptoms, the disease can cause:

• Heavy, prolonged menstrual bleeding
• Severe menstrual cramps
• Abdominal pressure and bloating.

Adenomyosis is a common condition. It is most often diagnosed in middle-aged women and women who have had children. Some studies also, suggest that women who have had prior uterine surgery may be at risk for adenomyosis.

Though the cause of adenomyosis isn't known, studies have suggested that various hormones -- including estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone-  -- may trigger the condition.

Diagnosis: 

   Until recently, the only definitive way to diagnose adenomyosis was to perform a hysterectomy and examine the uterine tissue under a microscope. However, imaging technology has made it possible for doctors to recognize adenomyosis without surgery. Using MRI or transvaginal ultrasound, doctors can see the characteristics of the disease in the uterus.

     If a doctor suspects adenomyosis, the first step is a physical exam. A pelvic exam may reveal an enlarged and tender uterus. An ultrasound can allow a doctor to see the uterus, it's the lining, and its muscular wall. Though ultrasound cannot definitively diagnose adenomyosis, it can help to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

     Another technique sometimes used to help evaluate the symptoms associated with adenomyosis is Sonohysterography. In saline solution is injected through a tiny tube into the uterus as an ultrasound is given.

(Sonohysterography: A procedure in which sterile fluid is injected into the uterus through the cervix while ultrasound images are taken of the inside of the uterus.)

MRI-- can be used to confirm a diagnosis of adenomyosis in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.

Because the symptoms are so similar, adenomyosis is often misdiagnosed as uterine fibroids. However, the two conditions are not the same. While fibroids are benign tumors growing in or on the uterine wall, adenomyosis is less of a defined mass of cells within the uterine wall. An accurate diagnosis is key in choosing the right treatment.

Adenomyosis Cause Infertility?

Because many women who have adenomyosis also have endometriosis, it is difficult to tell precisely what role adenomyosis may play in fertility problems. However, some studies have shown that adenomyosis may contribute to infertility. 

Can Adenomyosis Be Cured?

The only definitive cure for adenomyosis is a hysterectomy or the removal of the uterus. This is often the treatment of choice for women with significant symptoms.

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