Mental Health

                          Mental Health

      Mental health includes our emotional, Psychological, and

 social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also 

helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and

make healthy choices. Mental health is essential at every stage of

 life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. 

    Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences cognition, perception, and behavior. It also determines how an individual handles stress, interpersonal relationships, and decision-making. Mental health includes subjective well-being, perceived self-efficacy, autonomy, competence, intergenerational dependence, and self-actualization of one's intellectual and emotional potential, among others.  

  From the perspectives of positive psychology or holism, mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life and to create a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience. Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories affect how one defines "mental health". Some early sins related to mental health problems are sleep irritation, lack of energy, and thinking of harming yourself or others. 

   Mental health, as defined by the public health agency of Canada, is an individual's capacity to feel, think, and act in ways to achieve a better quality of life while respecting personal, social, and cultural boundaries. Impairment of any of these is a risk factor for mental disorders or mental illness which is a component of mental health. Mental disorders are defined as health conditions that affect and alter cognitive functioning, emotional responses, and behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning. The ICD-11 is the global standard used to diagnose, treat, research, and report various mental disorders. In the United States, the DSM-5 is used ad the classification system of mental disorders. 

   Mental health is associated with a number of lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, stress, drug abuse, social connections, and interactions. Therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, nurse practitioners, or family physicians can help manage mental illness with treatments such as therapy, counseling, or medication. 

Epidemiology:

  Mental illnesses are more common than cancer, diabetes, or heart disease. Over 26 % of all Americans over the age of 18 meet the criteria for having a mental illness. Evidence suggests that 50 million people worldwide have some mental illness. Major depression ranks 4th among the top 10 leading causes of diseases worldwide. By 2029, mental illness is predicted to become the leading cause of disease worldwide. 

  One million people commit suicide every year and 10 to 20 million attempts it. A World Health Organization (WHO) report estimates the global cost of mental illness at nearly $ 2.5 trillion in 2010, with a projected increase to over $6 Trillion by 2030. 

  Evidence from the WHO suggests that the early half of the world's population is affected by mental illness with an impact on their self-esteem, relationships, and ability to function in everyday life. An individual's emotional health can impact their physical health. Poor mental health can lead to problems such as the inability to make adequate decisions and substance use disorders. 

   Good mental health can improve life quality whereas poor mental health can worsen it. According to Richards, Campania, & Muse-Burke, there is growing evidence that is showing emotional abilities are associated with pro-social behaviors such as stress management and physical health. Their research also concluded that people who lack emotional expression are included in anti-social behaviors(e.g., substance use disorder and alcohol use disorder, physical fights, vandalism), which reflects one's mental health and suppressed emotions. Adults and children who face mental illness may experience social stigma, which can exacerbate the issues. 

A holistic model of mental health generally includes concepts based upon anthropological, educational, psychological, religious, and sociological perspectives. There are also models as theoretical perspectives from personality, social, clinical, health, and developmental psychology. 

     The tripartite model of mental well-being views mental wee-being ad encompassing three components of emotional well-being, social well-being, and psychological well-being. Emotional well-being is defined as having high levels of positive emotions, whereas social and psychological well-being defined as the presence of psychological well-being is defined as the presence of psychological and social skills and abilities that contribute to optimal functioning in daily life. The model has received empirical support across cultures. The Mental Health Continuum-short is the most widely used scale to measure the tripartite model of mental well-being. 

Early warning signs:

 Not sure if you or someone you know is living with mental health problems, experiencing one or more of the following feelings or behaviors can be an early warning sign of a problem:

- Eating or sleeping too much or too little

- Pulling away from people and usual activities

- Having low or no energy

- Feeling numb or like nothing matters

- Having unexplained aches and pains

- Feeling helpless or hopeless

- Smoking, drinking or using drugs more than usual

- feeling unusually confused, forgetful, on edge, angry, upset, worried, or scared 

- Yelling or fighting with family and friends

- Experiencing severe mood swings that cause problems in relationships

- Having persistent thoughts and memories you can't get out of your head

- Hearing voices or believing things that are not true

- Thinking of harming yourself or others

- Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to work or school

Mental Health and wellness:

Positive mental health allows people to:

 - Realize their full potential

- Cope with the stresses of life

- Work productively

- Make meaningful contributions to their communities

Ways to maintain positive mental health include:

- Getting professional help if you need it

- Connecting with others

- Staying positive

- getting physical active

- Helping others

- Getting enough sleep

- Developing coping skills. 

Well-Being Concepts:

 Well-being is a positive outcome that is meaningful for people in many sectors of society because it tells us that people perceive that their lives are going well. 

 Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

DPNA code for Autism Spectrum children

    DNPA code for children those having Autism Spectrum at the airline traveling.   

DPNA: Disabled passenger with intellectual or developmental disability needing assistance.   

   Several situations have happened around the world where a family has been removed from An airplane because their child who is on the Autism Spectrum had a meltdown due to inconveniences that could have been prevented. Travel can be stressful for anyone let alone a child on the autism spectrum.     

 DPNA is a special service request (SSR) code. SSR codes are used in the airline industry to communicate traveler preferences or needs to airlines. 

  How to ask for special assistance from airlines? Next time book a flight ticket, add the code "DPNA" in the free-text box that appears on the booking page, in case your child needs any additional support from the airline.

  Traveling with special needs children is how parents can request support from airlines. 

  Children with intellectual disabilities like those on the autism spectrum can feel overwhelmed in unfamiliar surroundings and require special care. As a parent, how can you ensure that your child does not have to endure stress during a flight? 

   The special assistance facility offered by airlines in India to passengers with a disability or those with reduced mobility allows you to book wheelchairs prior to your scheduled flight, so when booking a flight ticket, make a request for it at the time of booking or inform the airline at least 2-48 hours prior to departure, as per the official websites. 

   We are, however, not just talking about physical disability. Children with intellectual disabilities. Children with intellectual disabilities like those on the autism spectrum or Down Syndrome can feel overwhelmed or uncomfortable in unfamiliar, crowded surroundings and therefore require special care.

 Tips for parents of special needs children:

 It is highly probable that a child with an intellectual disability might exhibit unusual behavior in a public area, and parents might feel embarrassed, stressed, or irritated, and may end up scolding the child. 

 Parents need to handle such situations with the utmost sensitivity. Barua suggested the following tips for parents to keep in mind when going out in public with special needs children. 

- The child can behave in a certain way which can seem"inappropriate" to other people. But if the parent is uncomfortable with the child's behavior, others might all the more feel that something is wrong. 

-The parent needs to be calm and comfort the child instead of criticizing or scolding them for their behavior because it is possible that the child may be dealing with something stressful in the environment and is trying to communicate it. 

- In situations of crisis, parents should avoid getting into a fight with others or it can worsen matters for the child. 

- Parents should not give in to any pressure from others but stand their ground to ensure their child is not discriminated against in any way.

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Aphasia (inability (or impaired ability))

            Aphasia (inability (or impaired ability)

    Aphasia is a disorder that affects how you communicate. It can impact your speech, as well as the way you write and understand both spoken and written language. Aphasia usually happens suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. 

   A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It can occur suddenly after a stroke or head injury or develop slowly from a growing brain tumor or disease. 

  Aphasia affects a person's ability to express and understand written and spoken language. Once the underlying cause is treated, the main treatment for aphasia is speech therapy.  

 Aphasia usually happens suddenly after a stroke or a head injury. But it can also come on gradually from a slow-growing brain tumor or a disease that causes progressive, permanent damage. 

 The severity of the aphasia depends on a number of things, including the cause and the extent of the brain damage. The main treatment for aphasia involves treating the condition that causes it, as well as speech and language therapy. 

 The person with aphasia relearns and practices language skills and learns to use other ways to communicate. Family members often participate in the process, helping the person communicate. 

Symptoms: 

 Aphasia is a symptom of some other condition, such as a stroke or a brain tumor. 

A person with aphasia may:

- Speak in short or incomplete sentences

- Speak in sentences that don't make sense

- Substitute one word for another or one sound for another

- Speak unrecognizable words

- Have difficulty finding words 

- Not understand other people's conversation 

- Not Understand what they read

- Write sentences that don't make sense

Behavioral:   Social isolation or persistent repetition of words or actions

Speech: Difficulty speaking or jumbled speech

Common: Difficulty building and drawing things or loss of the ability to write.

 

 Aphasia is a disorder that affects how you communicate. It can impact your speech, as well as the way you write and understand both spoken and written language. 

Patterns of Aphasia:

 People with aphasia may have different strengths and weaknesses in their speech patterns. Sometimes these patterns are labeled as different types of aphasia, including: 

- Broca's aphasia

- Wernicke aphasia

- Transcortical aphasia 

- Conduction aphasia 

- Mixed aphasia 

- Global aphasia 

These patterns describe how well the person can understand what others say. They also describe how easy it is for the person to speak or to correctly repeat what someone else says. 

 Aphasia may develop slowly over time. When that happens, the aphasia may be labeled with one of these names:

- Logopenic aphasia

- Semantic aphasia 

- Agrammatism

 Many people with aphasia have patterns of speech difficulty that don't match these types. It may help to consider that each person with aphasia has unique symptoms, strengths, and weaknesses rather than trying to label a particular type of aphasia. 

 

 Because aphasia is often a sign of a serious problem, such as a stroke, seek emergency medical care if you or a loved one suddenly develop: 

- Difficulty speaking

- Trouble understanding speech

- Difficulty with word recall

- Problems with reading or writing. 

Causes:

 The most common cause of aphasia is brain damage resulting from a stroke- the blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. Loss of blood to the brain leads to brain cell death or damage in areas that control language. 

  Brain damage caused by a severe head injury, a tumor, an infection, or a degenerative process also can cause aphasia. In these cases, aphasia usually occurs with other types of cognitive problems, such as memory problems or confusion. 

    Primary progressive aphasia is the term used for language difficulty that develops gradually. This is due to the gradual degeneration of brain cells located in the language networks. sometimes this type of aphasia will progress to more generalized dementia. 

   Sometimes temporary episodes of aphasia can occur. These can be due to migraines, seizures, or a transient ischemic attack. A TIA occurs when blood flow is temporarily blocked to an area of the brain. People who've had a TIA are at an increased risk of having a stroke in the near future. 

Complications:

 

 Aphasia can create numerous quality-of-life problems because communication is so much a part of your life. Communication difficulty may affect your:

- Job

- Relationships

- Day-to-day function

    Difficulty expressing wants and needs can result in embarrassment, frustration, isolation, and depression. Other problems may occur together such as more difficulty moving around and problems with memory and thinking. 

Diagnosis:

 Your health care provider will likely give you physical and neurological exams, test your strength, feeling, and reflexes, and listen to your heart and the vessels in your neck. An imaging test, usually an MRI or CT scan, can be used to quickly what's causing the aphasia. 

 A speech-language pathologist can complete a comprehensive language assessment to confirm the presence of aphasia and determine the appropriate course of language treatment. The assessment helps find out whether the person can:

- Name common objects

- Engage in a conversation

- Understand and use words correctly

- Answer questions about something read or heard

- Repeat words and sentences

- Follow instruction

- Answer yes-no questions and respond to open-ended questions about common subjects

- Read and write

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Monkeypox

                                                         Monkeypox

 

   Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name "monkeypox". The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. 

 Since then monkeypox has been reported in humans in other central and western African countries. 

 

 About Monkeypox:  

   

    Monkeypox is a rare disease that is caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family Poxviridae. 

 The Orthopoxvirus genus also includes variola virus(which causes smallpox), vaccinia virus (used in the smallpox vaccine), and cowpox virus. 

 

  Monkeypox was first discovered in 1958 when two outbreaks of a pox-like disease occurred in colonies of monkeys kept for research, hence the name ''monkeypox". The first human case of monkeypox was recorded in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during a period of intensified effort to eliminate smallpox. 

   Since then, monkeypox has been reported in people in several other central-western African countries, including Cameroon, Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, and Sierra Leone. 

   The majority of infections are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Monkeypox cases in people have occurred outside of Africa linked to international travel or imported animals, including cases in the United States, as well as Israel, Singapore, and the United Kingdom.  

    The natural reservoir of monkeypox remains unknown. However, African rodents and non-human primates (like monkeys) may harbor the virus and infect people. 

 

 A child affected with monkeypox. 

Signs and Symptoms: 

 In humans, the symptoms of monkeypox are similar to but milder than the symptoms of smallpox. Monkeypox begins with fever, headache, muscle aches, and exhaustion. The main difference between the symptoms of smallpox and monkeypox is that monkeypox causes lymph nodes to swell (lymphadenopathy) while smallpox does not. The incubation period (time from infection to symptoms) for monkeypox is usually 7-14 days but can range from 5-12 days. 

 The illness begins with:

- Fever

- Headache

- Muscle aches

- Backache 

- Swollen lymph nodes

-  Chills

- Chills

- Exhaustion

  Within 1 to 3 days (sometimes longer) after the appearance of fever, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on the face and then spreading to other parts of the body. 

 Lesions progress through the following stages before falling off:

 - Macules

- Papules

- Vesicles 

- Pustules 

- Scabs

   The illness typically lasts for 2-4 weeks. In Africa, monkeypox has been shown to cause death in as many as 1 to 10 persons who contract the disease.

Transmission: 

 

 Transmission of the monkeypox virus occurs when a person comes into contact with the virus from an animal, human, or materials contaminated with the virus. The virus enters the body through broken skin (even if not visible), respiratory tract, or mucous membranes (eyes, nose, or mouth). 

   Animal to the human transmission may occur by bite or scratch, bush meat preparation, direct contact with body fluids or lesion material, or indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated bedding. Human-to-human transmission is thought to occur primarily through large respiratory droplets. 

 

  Respiratory droplets generally can't travel more than a few feet, so prolonged face-to-face contact is required. Other human-to-human methods of transmission include direct contact with body fluids or lesion material and indirect contact with lesion material, such as through contaminated clothing or linens. 

   The reservoir host (main disease carrier ) of monkeypox is still unknown although African rodents are suspected to play a part in transmission. The virus that causes monkeypox has only been recovered (isolated) twice from an animal in nature. In the first instance (1985), the virus was recovered from an apparently ill African rodent in the Equateur region of the Democratic Republic of Congo. In the second (2012). the virus was recovered from a dead infant mangabey found in the Tai National park, cote D; Ivoire. 

Prevention:

 

 There are a number of measures that can be taken to prevent infection with the monkeypox virus: 

- Avoid contact with animals that could harbor the virus(including animals that are sick or that have been found dead in areas where monkeypox occurs). 

- Avoid contact with any materials, such as bedding, that have been in contact with a sick animal. 

- Isolated infected patients from others who could be at risk for infection. 

- Practice good hand hygiene after contact with infected animals or humans. For example, washing your hands with soap and water or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. 

- Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for patients.

Information for Clinicians:  

 The first symptoms of monkeypox include fever, malaise, headache, and sometimes sore throat and cough. A distinguishing feature of monkeypox from smallpox is lymphadenopathy(swollen lymph nodes). 

 This typically occurs with fever onset, 1 to 2 days before rash onset, or rarely with rash onset. Lymph nodes may swell in the neck(submandibular & cervical), armpits(axillary), or groin(inguinal) and occur on both sides of the body or just one. 

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.

Fibromyalgia

                       Fibromyalgia

          Fibromyalgia is a disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues. Researchers believe that fibromyalgia amplifies painful sensations by affecting the way your brain and spinal cord process painful and non-painful signals. 

      Symptoms often begin after an event, such as physical trauma, surgery, infection, or significant psychological stress. In other cases, symptoms gradually accumulate over time with no single triggering event. 

    Women are more likely to develop fibromyalgia than men. Many people who have fibromyalgia also have tension headaches, temporomandibular joint disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety, and depression. 

Symptoms:

 The primary symptoms of fibromyalgia include:

- Widerspread pain: The pain associated with fibromyalgia often is described as a constant dull ache that has lasted for at least three months. To be considered widespread, the pain must occur on both sides of your body and above and below your waist. 

- Fatigue: People with fibromyalgia often awaken tired, even though they report sleeping for long periods of time. Sleep is often disrupted by pain, and many patients with fibromyalgia have other sleep disorders, such as restless legs syndrome and sleep apnea. 

Cognitive difficulties: A symptom commonly referred to as "Fibro fog" impairs the ability to focus, pay attention and concentrate on mental tasks. 

Co-exists condition with fibromyalgia: 

- Irritable bowel syndrome

- Chronic fatigue syndrome

- Migraine and other types of headaches

- Interstitial cystitis or painful bladder syndrome

- Temporomandibular joint disorders

-  Anxiety 

- Depression

- Postural tachycardia syndrome 

People may experience:

 Pain areas: In the muscles, abdomen, back, or neck 

Pain types: Can be chronic, diffuse, sharp, or severe

Pain circumstances: can occur at night

Whole-body: fatigue, feeling tried, or malaise

Muscular: Muscle tenderness, delayed onset muscle soreness, or muscle spams 

Gastrointestinal: constipation, nausea, or passing excessive amounts of gas

Mood: anxiety mood swings or nervousness

Cognitive: forgetfulness or lack of concentration 

Hand: the sensation of coldness or tingling

Sensory: pins and needles or sensitivity to pain 

Sleep: difficulty falling asleep or sleep disturbances

Also common: Depression, flare, headache, irritability, joint stiffness, painful menstruation, sensitivity to cold, or tingling feet. 

Causes:

 Many researchers believe that repeated nerve stimulation causes the brain and spinal cord of people with fibromyalgia to change. This change involves an abnormal increase in levels of certain chemicals in the brain that signal pain. In addition, the brain's pain receptors seem to develop a sort of memory of the pain and become sensitized, meaning they can overreact to painful and nonpainful signals. Here are likely many factors that lead to these changes, including: 

Genetics: Because fibromyalgia tends to run in families, there may be certain genetic mutations that may make you more susceptible to developing the disorder. 

Infections: some illnesses appear to trigger or aggravate fibromyalgia. 

physical or emotional event: Fibromyalgia can sometimes be triggered by a physical event, such as a car accident. Prolonged psychological stress may also trigger the condition. 

Risk factors: Risk factors for fibromyalgia include: 

Sex: Fibromyalgia is diagnosed more often in women than in men. 

Family history: You may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia if a parent or sibling also has the condition. 

Other disorders: If you have osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus, you may be more likely to develop fibromyalgia. 

 Complication: 

 The pain, fatigue, and poor sleep quality associated with fibromyalgia can interfere with your ability to function at home or on the job. The frustration of dealing with an often-misunderstood condition also can result in depression and health-related anxiety. 

Diagnosis: 

 In the past, doctors would check 18 specific points on a person's body to see how many of them were painful when pressed firmly. Newer guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology don't require a tender point exam. Instead, the main factor needed for a fibromyalgia diagnosis is widespread pain throughout your body for at least three months. 

To meet the criteria, you must have pain in at least four of these five areas: 

- Left upper region: Including shoulder, arm, or jaw

- Right upper region, including shoulder, arm, or jaw

- Left lower region: Including hip, buttock, or leg 

- Right lower region: Including hip, buttock, or leg

Axial region: This includes the neck, back, chest, or abdomen.

Tests: 

 The doctor may want to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms. blood tests may include: 

 - Complete blood count (CBC)

- Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 

- Cyclic citrullinate peptide test

- Rheumatoid factor

- Thyroid function tests

- Anti-nuclear antibody

- Celiac serology 

- vitamin D

Write To Dr. FAROOQ KHAN Write to Dr. FAROOQ KHAN and get a reply on how homeopathy can help you in treating your disease condition.