Why do we need magnesium?

             magnesium

 Magnesium is a mineral that's crucial to the body's function. Magnesium helps keep blood pressure normal, bones strong, and the heart rhythm steady.

 The human body contains around 25 gram (g) of magnesium, 50 to 60 percent of which is stored in the skeletal system. The rest is present in muscle, soft tissues, and bodily fluids.

  Magnesium plays a role in over 300 enzymatic reactions within the body, including the metabolism of food, synthesis of fatty acids and proteins, and the transmission of nerve impulses.

   It looks at the recommended intake of magnesium, its effects on health, dietary sources, and possible health risks.

Benefits:

  Magnesium is one of seven essential macrominerals. These are minerals that need to be consumed in relatively large amounts, at least 100 milligrams (mg) per day.

   An adequate intake can help prevent problems with bones, the cardiovascular system, diabetes,  and other functions.

   The following health benefits have been associated with magnesium.

. Bone health:

   Magnesium is important for bone formation. It helps assimilate Calcium into the bone and plays a role in activating Vitamin D  in the kidneys. Vitamin D is also essential for healthy bones.

  Optimal magnesium intake is associated with greater bone density, improved bone crystal formation, and a lower risk of Osteoporosis in women after Menopause. 

  Calcium and magnesium are important for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis.

  Without magnesium, a high intake of calcium can increase the risk of arterial calcification and cardiovascular disease, as well as Kidney stones.

   Anyone who is taking calcium supplements should also take magnesium to ensure their calcium intake is properly metabolized.

Calcium absorption:

  Calcium and magnesium are important for maintaining bone health and preventing osteoporosis.

  Without magnesium, a high intake of calcium can increase the risk of arterial calcification and cardiovascular disease, as well as Kidney stones.

  Anyone who is taking calcium supplements should also take magnesium to ensure their calcium intake is properly metabolized.

Diabetes:

  Magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate and glucose metabolism, so magnesium status can also impact the risk of diabetes.

   Several studies have associated a higher intake of magnesium with a lower risk of diabetes.

   For every 100 mg per day increase in magnesium intake, up to a point, the risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes decreases by approximately 15 percent. Low magnesium levels were linked to impaired Insulin secretion and lower insulin sensitivity.

    In most of these studies, the magnesium intake was from dietary sources. However, other studies have shown improvement in insulin sensitivity with a magnesium supplement intake of between 300 & 365 mg per day.

     According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the American Diabetes Association noted that further evidence is needed before magnesium can be routinely used for glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Heart health:

   Magnesium is necessary to maintain the health of muscles, including the heart, and for the transmission of electrical signals in the body.

   Adequate magnesium intake has been associated with a lower risk of 

  · Atherosclerosis, a fatty buildup on the walls of arteries

  ·  Hypertension, or high blood pressure

    In the Framingham Heart Study, people with the highest intake of magnesium were found to have a 58 % lower chance of coronary artery calcification and a 34 percent lower chance of abdominal artery calcification.

    Patients who receive magnesium soon after a Heart attack have a lower risk of mortality. Magnesium is sometimes used as part of the treatment for congestive Heart failure (CHF) to reduce the risk of arrhythmia, or abnormal heart rhythm.

   A daily intake of 365 mg of magnesium a day has been shown to improve lipid profiles.

   The NIH cite findings "significantly" associating higher magnesium levels in the blood with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease and of ischemic heart disease resulting from a low blood supply to the heart. They also note that higher magnesium levels may lower the risk of stroke.

   However, they point out that taking magnesium supplements lowers blood pressure "to only a small extent."

   The NIH calls for a large, well-designed investigation to understand how magnesium from the diet or from supplements might help protect the heart.

Migraine headaches:

   Small studies have suggested that magnesium therapy may help prevent or relieve headaches, but the amount likely to be needed to make a difference is high. It should only be administered by a health professional.

Premenstrual syndrome:

   Ensuring an adequate intake of magnesium, especially combined with vitamin B6, may help relives symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), such as bloating, Insomnia, leg swelling, weight gain, and breast tenderness.

Relieving anxiety:

   Reductions in magnesium levels, or changes in the way that it is processed, have been linked to increased levels of anxiety.

   This appears to related activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a set of three glands that control a person's reaction to stress.

   Research has shown that a low-magnesium diet may alter the types of bacteria present in the gut, and this may impact anxiety-based behavior.

Recommended intake:

The Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for magnesium depends on age and gender.

The National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) recommends the following intake of magnesium:

       -  From 1 to 3 years of age: 80 mg a day

       -   From 4 to 8 years: 130 mg a day

       -  from 9 to 13 years: 240 mg a day

       For 14 years, the requirements are different for men and women.

      -   Males aged 14 to 18 years: 410 mg a day

     -    Males aged 19 years and over: 400 to 420 mg a day

      -   Females aged 14 to 18 years: 360 mg a day

    -     Females aged 19 years and over: 310 to 320 mg a day

     -    During pregnancy: 350 to 400 mg a day

     -    During breastfeeding: 310 to 360 mg a day

Deficiency:

   Magnesium deficiency is rare, but it may affect older people. It can result from excess consumption of alcohol, some health conditions, such as a gastrointestinal disorder, and the use of some medications.

Symptoms include:

    -     loss of appetite

    -     nausea and vomiting

      -    Fatigue and weakness

More advanced symptoms include:

     -   numbness and tingling

    -    muscle cramps

     -   seizures

    -    personality changes

     -   heart rhythm changes and spasms

    Deficiency is linked to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome,  Coronary Heart disease, and osteoporosis. It can lead to low calcium or low potassium levels in the blood.

Sources:

The best sources of magnesium are nuts and seeds, dark green vegetables, whole grains, and legumes. Magnesium is also added to some breakfast cereals and other fortified foods.

Here are some good sources of magnesium:

       -  Sunflower seeds, dry roasted, 1 cup: 512 mg

     -    Almonds, dry-roasted, 1 cup: 420 mg

      -   Sesame seeds, roasted whole, 1 ounce: 101 mg

        - Spinach, boiled, 1 cup: 78 mg

       -  Cashews, dry roasted, 1 ounce: 74 mg

      -   Shredded wheat cereal, two large biscuits: 61 mg

     -    Soymilk, plain, 1 cup: 61 mg

     -    Black beans, cooked, 1 cup: 120 mg

     -    Oatmeal, cooked, 1 cup: 58 mg

      -   Broccoli, cooked, 1 cup: 51 mg

      -   Edamame,shelled, cooked, 1 cup: 100 mg

     -    Peanut butter, smooth, 2 tablespoons: 49 mg

      -   Shrimp, raw, 4 ounces: 48 mg

      -   Black-eyed peas, cooked, 1 cup: 92 mg

    -     Brown rice, cooked, 1 cup: 84 mg

     -    Kidney beans, canned, 1 cup: 70 mg

       -  Cow's milk, whole, 1 cup: 33 mg

      -  Bananaone medium: 33 mg

         Bread, whole-wheat, one slice: 23 mg

     Magnesium is lost as wheat is refined, so it is best to choose cereals and bread products made with whole grains. Most common fruits, meat, and fish are low in magnesium.

Dietary Supplements: 

  Magnesium supplements are available in a variety of forms including magnesium oxide, citrate, and chloride. The supplement facts panel on a dietary supplement label declares the amount of elemental magnesium in the product not the weight of the entire magnesium-containing compound. 
 Absorption of magnesium from different kinds of magnesium supplements varies. Forms of magnesium that dissolve well in the liquid are more completely absorbed in the gut than less soluble forms. Small studies have found that magnesium in the aspartate citrate, lactate, and chloride forms is absorbed more completely and is more bioavailable than magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate. One study found that very high doses of zinc from supplements can interfere with magnesium absorption and disrupt the magnesium balance in the body. 

Risks:

   An overdose of magnesium through dietary sources is unlikely because any excess magnesium that is consumed in food will be eliminated in the urine.

    However, a high intake of magnesium from supplements can lead to gastrointestinal problems, such as diarrhea,  nausea, and cramping.

   Very large doses can cause kidney problems, low blood pressure, urine retention, nausea and vomiting, depression and lethargy, a loss of central nervous system(CNS) control, cardiac arrest, and possibly death.

   Anyone with a kidney disorder should not take magnesium supplements unless their doctor advises it.

The Homeopathic Profile Uses and Health Benefits of Magnesium Phosphoricum:

  In homeopathy, the remedy profile is significant for determining whether Magnesium phosphoricum is the right fit for your emotional, mental, and physical symptoms. The remedy is considered most suitable for outgoing individuals that are prone to restlessness and impulsiveness. They are also often sensitive, intellectual, and artistic; however, at times they may forget and be unable to concentrate. They are also prone to moodiness, exhaustion, nervousness, and irritability.

   Magnesium phosphoricum is also common for people that fear confrontation, thunderstorms, or the dark. They also worry about health on a regular basis and can be described as a hypochondriac. The person generally feels better from warmth; however, cold will lead to worsened symptoms. They may also crave sugar and dislike coffee. People often have the best results with the remedy when they take it with warm water.

  What are other uses and health benefits of this remedy? It could also treat spasms, twitches, sore throats, vertigo, asthma, whooping cough, angina, fevers, and seizures.

Toxic shock syndrome

                                

                               Toxic shock syndrome

  Toxic shock syndrome is a rare, life-threatening complication of certain types of bacterial infections. Often toxic shock syndrome results from toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria, but the condition may also be caused by toxins produced by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.

   Toxic shock syndrome has been associated primarily with the use of superabsorbent tampons. However, since manufacturers pulled certain types of tampons off the market, the incidence of toxic shock syndrome in menstruating women has declined.

   Toxic shock syndrome can affect anyone, including men, children, and postmenopausal women. Risk factors for toxic shock syndrome include skin wounds and surgery.

Fewer than 100 thousand cases per year (India)

Symptoms

Possible signs and symptoms of toxic shock syndrome include:

·  A sudden high fever

·  Low blood pressure (hypotension)

·  Vomiting or diarrhea

·  A rash resembling a sunburn, particularly on your palms and soles

· Confusion

·  Muscle aches

· Redness of your eyes, mouth, and throat

· Seizures

· Headaches

Causes:

Most commonly, Staphylococcus aureus (staph) bacteria cause toxic shock syndrome. The syndrome can also be caused by group A streptococcus (strep) bacteria.

Risk factors:

Toxic shock syndrome can affect anyone. About half the cases of toxic shock syndrome associated with Staphylococci bacteria occur in women of menstruating age; the rest occur in older women, men, and children. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome occurs in people of all ages.

Toxic shock syndrome has been associated with:

·  Having cuts or burns on your skin

·   Having had recent surgery

·  Using contraceptive sponges, diaphragms or superabsorbent tampons

·  Having a viral infection, such as the flu or chickenpox

Complications

Toxic shock syndrome can progress rapidly.

 Complications may include:

. Shock

. Renal failure

. Death

Prevention:

Manufacturers of tampons sold in the United States no longer use the materials or designs that were associated with toxic shock syndrome. Also, the Food and Drug Administration requires manufacturers to use standard measurement and labeling for absorbency and to print guidelines on the boxes.

If you use tampons, read the labels and use the lowest absorbency tampon you can. Change tampons frequently, at least every four to eight hours. Alternate using tampons and sanitary napkins, and use mini pads when your flow is light.

Toxic shock syndrome can recur. People who've had it once can get it again. If you've had toxic shock syndrome or a prior serious staph or strep infection, don't use tampons.

  Thinking of shocking injuries as the result of shocking violence: the war veterans with missing limbs, the disfigured survivors of a car crash. One of the many things that made Channel 4’s documentary, The Extraordinary Case of Alex Lewis, so genuinely extraordinary was that the subject of it didn’t lose all four limbs and part of his face to an IED, but to a common bacterium. In a rare case of Toxic Shock Syndrome, he started out with a cold but ended minutes from death, a tiny organism that normally lives harmlessly on our skin laying waste to his body.

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Narcissistic Personality Disorder & Homeopathic treatment

   Narcissistic Personality Disorder            & Homeopathic treatment

   extreme selfishness, with a grandiose view of one's own talents and a craving for admiration, as characterizing a personality type.

    self-centeredness arising from failure to distinguish the self from external objects, either in very young babies or as a feature of mental disorder.

  Narcissism is the pursuit of gratification from vanity or egotistic admiration of one's own attributes. The term originated from Greek mythology, where the young Narcissus fell in love with his own image reflected in a pool of water. Narcissism is a concept in Psychoanalytic, which was popularly introduced in Sigmund Freud's essay On Narcissism (1914). The American Psychiatric Association has listed the classification of narcissistic personality disorder in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) since 1968, drawing on the historical concept of megalomania.

  Narcissism is also considered a social or cultural problem. It is a factor in trait theory used in the various self-report inventory of personality such as the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory. It is one of the three dark triadic personality traits (the others being psychopathy and Machiavellianism ). Except in the sense of primary narcissism or healthy self-love,  narcissism is usually considered a problem in a person's or group's relationships with self and others. Narcissism is not the same as egocentrism. 

 The term "narcissism" comes from the Greek myth about Narcissus( Greek: Narkissos), a handsome Greek youth who, according to Ovid, rejected the desperate advances of the nymph Echo. This caused Narcissus to fall in love with his own reflection in a pool of water. Unable to consummate his love, Narcissus "lay gazing enraptured into the pool, hour after hour," and finally changed into a flower that bears his name, the narcissus. 

signs:

·  An obvious self-focus in interpersonal exchanges

·  Problems in sustaining satisfying relationships

·   A lack of psychological awareness (see insight in psychology and psychiatry, egosyntonic)

·  Difficulty with empathy.

·   Problems distinguishing the self from others (see personal boundaries)

·  Hypersensitivity to any insults or imagined insults(see criticism and narcissists, narcissistic rage and narcissistic injury.)

· Vulnerability to shame rather than guilt. 

· Haughty body language. 

· Flattery  towards people who admire and affirm them ( narcissistic supply )

· Detesting those who do not admire them narcissistic abuse)fa

·  Using other people without considering the cost of doing so

·  Pretending to be more important than they actually are

· Bragging (subtly but persistently) and exaggerating their achievements. 

· Claiming to be an "expert" at many things

·  Inability to view the world from the perspective of other people

· Denial of remorse and gratitude. 

Seven deadly sins of narcissism:

1. Shamelessness: Shame is the feeling that lurks beneath all unhealthy narcissism, and the inability to process shame in healthy ways.

2. Magical thinking: Narcissists see themselves as perfect, using distortion and illusion known as magical thinking. They also use projection to "dump" shame onto others.

3.  Arrogance:  A narcissist who is feeling deflated may "reinflate" their sense of self-importance by diminishing, debasing, or degrading somebody else.

4. Envy: A narcissist may secure a sense of superiority in the face of another person's ability by using contempt to minimize the other person or their achievements.

5. Entitlement: Narcissists hold unreasonable expectations of particularly favorable treatment and automatic compliance because they consider themselves special. Failure to comply is considered an attack on their superiority, and the perpetrator is considered an "awkward" or "difficult" person. Defiance of their will is a narcissistic injury that can trigger narcissistic rage. 

6.  Exploitation: Can take many forms but always involves the exploitation of others without regard for their feelings or interests. Often the other person is in a subservient position where resistance would be difficult or even impossible. Sometimes the subservience is not so much real as assumed.

7. Bad boundaries: Narcissists do not recognize that they have boundaries and that others are separate and are not extensions of themselves. Others either exist to meet their needs or may as well not exist at all. Those who provide narcissistic supply to the narcissist are treated as if they are part of the narcissist and are expected to live up to those expectations. In the mind of a narcissist, there is no boundary between self and other.

Types:

           A big part of owning this personal power of yours is learning how to identify different types of narcissists. The more conscious you are of them, the more consciously you’ll be able to behave and make decisions in their presence.

Main Types

Interestingly there are actually two main types of narcissists:

Vulnerable Narcissists (VN’s):

These people are generally very sensitive and tend to be quiet or shy by nature. Yet to disguise their chronic feelings of self-hatred and unworthiness, VN’s overcompensate by putting on a grandiose mask, seeking to merge their identities with other idealized people. VN’s have an unshakeable need to feel special about themselves and have little genuine regard for the feelings of others. VN’s are primarily motivated by fear of rejection and abandonment, thus don’t have the capacity to authentically love and care for others. Additionally,  VN’s use of emotional manipulation (such as shaming, guilt-tripping and gaslighting) to secure sympathy and attention from others. Their lives are fuelled by inferiority complexes which often stem from childhood mistreatment.

Invulnerable Narcissists (IN’s):

These people reflect the traditional image of the narcissist: that of a highly self-confident person, cold and unempathetic person. IN’s, unlike VN’s, are thick-skinned and shamelessly seek for power, glory, recognition, and pleasure. IN’s often suffer from god complexes, believing themselves to be far superior to everyone else – and they have a pathological need to make that known.

Both types share similar traits such as using others to fuel their narcissistic delusions, blaming and criticizing, lack of empathy, unfaithfulness and the need for power.

Subtypes:

Both Vulnerable and Invulnerable Narcissistic personality types can be split down into the following (unofficial) subtypes. Be aware that many of these subtypes can overlap with each other:

             The Amorous Narcissist

Amorous Narcissists measure their self-worth and grandiosity by how many sexual conquests they have under their belt. This type of person is known for using his/her charm to ensnare others with flattery and gifts, but then quickly disposing of them once they become “boring” and when they have met the narcissist's needs (often sexual or image/status orientated). Amorous Narcissists are the ultimate relationship con artists, “gold diggers” and heart-breakers. At first glance, they appear highly attractive, alluring and amiable, but underneath they are only out to please and satiate their own needs and desires.

           The Compensatory Narcissist

Driven to compensate for past traumas, Compensatory Narcissists love creating larger-than-life illusions of themselves and their achievements. In order to regain power and control over their lives, this type of narcissist usually hunts out emotionally vulnerable people who will serve as the audience for their fabricated stage acts. In reality, this type of narcissist is extremely sensitive to criticism and will frequently look out for negative self-directed cues from others. Emotional abuse and manipulation is a common method of control used by this type.

                   The Elitist Narcissist

This breed of person does anything to climb to the “top,” win and completely dominate others. Elitist narcissists are convinced that they are better than everyone else often due to their achievements or backgrounds (or simply the fact that they were born that way) and thus deserve special treatment. Their sense of entitlement bleeds into every area of life, from work to the family environment. Harboring a severely inflated self-image, Elitist narcissists are skilled self-promoters, braggers, and one-uppers. They have a cut-throat need to be the “best” and prove themselves to be intellectually superior all the time and at all costs.

               The Malignant Narcissist

The behavior of malignant narcissists often overlaps with that of psychopaths and those with an antisocial personality disorder. Malignant narcissists often have no regard or interest in moral vs. immoral behavior and don’t feel remorse for their actions. This subgroup is characterized by an arrogant and inflated sense of self-worth that delights in “outsmarting” others. This type of narcissist can often be found in prisons, gangs, and drug rehabilitation centers, although many manage to run afoul of the law.

Narcissistic personality disorder

Narcissistic personality disorder affects an estimated 1% of the general population.  Although most individuals have some narcissistic traits, high levels of narcissism can manifest themselves in a pathological form as a narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), whereby the individual overestimates his or her abilities and has an excessive need for admiration and affirmation. NPD was revised in the DSM-5. The general move towards a dimensional (personality trait-based) view of the Personality Disorders has been maintained. Some narcissists may have a limited or minimal capability to experience emotions

In relation to the pathological condition

Healthy narcissism has to do with a strong feeling of "own love" protecting the human being against illness. Eventually, however, the individual must love the other, "the object love to not become ill". The individual becomes ill as a result of the frustration created when he is unable to love the object. In pathological narcissism such as the narcissistic personality disorder, the person's libido has been withdrawn from objects in the world and produces megalomania. The clinical theorists Kernberg, Kohut and Theodore Millon all saw pathological narcissism as a possible outcome in response to un-empathic and inconsistent early childhood interactions. They suggested that narcissists try to compensate in adult relationships. The pathological condition of narcissism is, as Freud suggested, a magnified, extreme manifestation of healthy narcissism.

extreme selfishness, with a grandiose view of one's own talents and a craving for admiration, as characterizing a personality type. Self- centeredness arising from failure to distinguish the self from external objects, either in very young babies or as a feature of mental disorder. 

The narcissistic personality disorder is found more commonly in men. The cause is unknown but likely involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Symptoms include an excessive need for admiration, disregard for others' feelings, an inability to handle any criticism and a sense of entitlement.

The disorder needs to be diagnosed by a professional. Treatment involves talk therapy.

Supportive care

Monitoring

Regular follow-up to evaluate for improvement.

Therapies

Support group

A forum for counseling and sharing experiences among people with a similar condition or goal, such as depression or weight loss.

Intervention

A branch of psychology that treats personal problems related to school, work, family and social life.

Family therapy

Psychological counseling that helps families resolve conflicts and communicate more effectively.

Group psychotherapy

Talk therapy where the therapist works with clients in a group instead of one-on-one.

Specialists

Clinical Psychologist

Treats mental disorders primarily with talk therapy.

Psychoanalyst

Uses psychotherapy to treat mental disorders.

Homeopathic remedies for Narcissistic Personality Disorder:

Arum Metallicum: 

This is an excellent remedy for Narcissism. These patients are melodramatic, oversensitive, feel hopeless with a great desire to commit suicide. They are highly enterprising and feel that they are more efficient than others, they work hard to secure a high position in society. Their ailments are from grief, humiliation or self-blame. They feel abandoned and worthless, get grumpy and emotional at slightest dispute. Their appetite and thirst are increased with nausea. Young girls complain of having foul breath at puberty. They are sleepless with frightful dreams.

Lycopodium: 

This remedy is recommended for patients who have a strong love for power. They are dictatorial towards those who can be controlled and timid towards those who are superior. They lack confidence and feel incompetent. They fear responsibility and present themselves as contradictory to their true self by hiding their feelings of incapability. They brag, are egotistic, impolite and dictatorial. Their relationships are superficial, they fear marriage but women can be wild and promiscuous. They dislike cold drinks and desire sweets.

Palladium Metallicum:

This is another significant remedy for patients affected by wounded pride and fancied neglect. These patients love admiration, are pompous and treat people with contempt. They get easily offended. They are delusional of being criticized, mistreated and not appreciated. They stay vibrant when in the company but otherwise are exhausted.

Platina: 

This is a brilliant remedy for snobbish and highly intelligent people. They fantasize about belonging to a high status or royal family and disapprove of their friends and relatives of low status. They look down upon everyone, even their own children. In fact, they bear thoughts of killing their children or spouse. They perceive themselves as superior, smarter, and more spiritual than others. Any disturbance in their pride will induce symptoms. These patients feel numb and cold with a violent cramping pain in the sexual organs. They have a ravenous appetite for food and sex.

Stramonium:

 This remedy is indicated for persons who are unusually self-interested, love and think of themselves only. They have trouble engaging in and maintaining an emotional relationship. They have the power and influence of a baby, who can fascinate the people around them. Their ailments are from suppressed anger and low self-image. They are jealous and threaten to kill.

Self - care measures for Narcissistic Personality Disorder:

•  Learn relaxation and stress management.

•  Stay motivated and focused on your goal.

•  Avoid conflict with others.